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The top AI deals in Europe this year

Startups overall are still facing strong headwinds when it comes to raising venture capital funding. Q2 was only a modest improvement on the low points of the previous two quarters, according to Crunchbase.

But there is one category that still seems to be opening doors — and checkbooks: AI.

In the U.S., artificial intelligence accounted for nearly 30 deals of over $100 million so far in 2024, making it the global leader at the moment. Europe, however, is not too far behind: Our research shows that as of August, Europe has seen 14 investments valued at $100 million or more for AI companies, with one company snagging two investments.

AI is driving the European long-tail startup ecosystem in a big way. Cumulatively, PitchBook data shows that there have been more than 1,700 funding rounds for AI startups in the region so far in 2024.

The biggest AI startups, those building foundational models, continue to exert the most gravitational pull when it comes to funding, in part because AI remains a costly area for development. Sources tell us that Mistral AI, which already has netted investments of more than $1 billion this year, is apparently fundraising again.

Mistral is headquartered in Paris, a city that has really established itself as the center of AI development in Europe, specifically in the category of generative AI. When you consider how some promising emerging markets like India are seeing only a fraction of the AI funding that more developed markets are getting, it will be interesting to see if Paris can sustain that leadership and capitalize on it — or alternatively how the balance of power (and money) might shift.

Whether it’s self-driving tech, LLM startups or players that also have hardware components, there are four main reasons why AI is commanding big investments:

The compute power it takes to train and run queries through AI models is immense.

AI startups are racing to recruit talent.

In some cases, AI companies will need money to pay out royalties on all the content IP they’re using to train and run their models.

Investors grappling with giant funds for growth investments (and pressure from LPs to deploy) need to find places to put their money; watching what Big Tech hyperscalers are doing, investors see outsized AI companies as big and potentially lucrative bets to make.

Here’s a rundown of the biggest rounds in European AI this year, which reads like a who’s who of the biggest categories in AI right now:

Wayve: $1 billion

Going head-to-head with the likes of Tesla, GM, Intel and Alphabet takes very big money, and that is what Wayve has been raising. In May, the Cambridge, England-based startup closed on a cool $1.05 billion to double down on its autonomous driver technology, making it the largest single round for an AI company to date in the region. Similar to Intel’s Mobileye, Wayve sells its AI technology to a variety of carmakers and OEMs, rather than making the vehicles itself, which theoretically will give it a wider business funnel, as well as more operational focus for the startup.

But unlike a number of other self-driving companies, Wayve has “steered away” from having a primary reliance on costly lidar technology. The company is already rolling out services; one customer is U.K. grocery chain Asda. “Seven years ago, we started the company to go build an embodied AI,” Wayve co-founder and CEO Alex Kendall told TechCrunch. “We have been heads down building technology. What happened last year was everything really started to work.” Its investors include SoftBank, Nvidia, Microsoft and Meta’s head of AI, Yann LeCun.

Mistral: $650 million and $431 million

Mistral has shaped up to be one of the major players building large language models — the foundational block for generative AI applications — not just in Europe but globally. One of its unique selling points has been its embrace of open source, which theoretically makes its tech more customizable and thus enterprise- and developer-friendly.

So far, Mistral’s funding story has been a very “blustery” one: It launched with a $113 million seed round announcement barely a year ago. This year it’s collectively raised more than $1 billion, first in a tranche of $431 million and then a second round of $650 million (final close values), from an illustrious set of VC and tech and financial backers such as DST, Andreessen Horowitz, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Microsoft, Salesforce, BNP Paribas, CMA CGM and General Catalyst. Combining those rounds, it’s raised the most of any startup in AI so far this year in Europe. And if our sources are correct, it’s now working on raising even more.

Helsing: $484 million

Defense was one of the very earliest applications for AI back in the day, and now geopolitical events have put defense tech AI startups right back into the spotlight.

Helsing was founded in Germany, and its European roots have been pivotal to its development. It’s seen as a “home grown” solution, its existence representing more resilience in the European defense economy, helping countries in the region be less reliant on third parties outside of it. It’s announced a number of deals with specific nations, including Estonia and Germany, and it has a number more that it does not disclose.

Up to now, Helsing has focused primarily on software, one of its key missions being to build AI services that can link up and work with legacy infrastructure to improve defense systems, boost weapons capabilities, and provide better battle analytics for decision-making. Ukraine, and specifically the threat from Russia, has been a major fillip in its growth.

“Ukraine has used technology for its defense against the full-scale Russian invasion, and I think us being able to help there and deploy our technology and execute the mission we had set out three and a half years ago, to use AI to protect our democracies, has been a big driver for us,” Gundbert Scherf, Helsing’s co-chief executive officer, said in an interview with TechCrunch. With the $487 million it raised in July, it’s likely also to move into hardware, too. Its investors include General Catalyst, Prima Materia, Elad Gil, Accel, Saab, Lightspeed, Plural and Greenoaks.

Poolside: $400 million

Poolside’s focus first and foremost is on developers, specifically on building AI tools to help them speed up software development. While there are certainly a lot of startups also courting coders, investors are betting the founders here will have a special knack for product-market fit. CEO Jason Warner was the CTO of GitHub and led engineering for Heroku and Canonical. The other co-founder, CTO Eiso Kant, previously founded Athenian, which built a series of tools for developers to help them optimize how they build and work.

Like a number of other AI startups in Europe, Poolside is based out of Paris, and early backers included BCV; early-stage specialists like London’s Air Street, Abstraction and Scribble Ventures; New Wave and Frst from France; as well as Bpifrance, Felicis, Point Nine and Redpoint. This latest round of $400 million (that may be yet to close, or at least be disclosed) is reportedly being co-led by BCV and DST.

DeepL: $320 million

There are a number of companies — startups as well as major platform players like Google and Microsoft — that offer text translation and writing tools, but Germany-based DeepL thinks that its AI-based approach is simply better. It’s also taking a slightly different tack by focusing not on consumers but on the B2B/enterprise opportunity in the market.

It currently has around 100,000 business customers, and it announced a $320 million round in May of this year on a bet that it can scale that number. Its investors include ICONIQ Growth, Teachers’ Venture Growth, IVP, Atomico and WiL.

H: $220 million

H is for “heady,” which is what the AI market is these days. It is also the name of one of the companies proving out that statement. This startup, which used to be known as Holistic AI before it took a cryptic direction and shortened its name to H, raised this $220 million as a seed round in May.

It has yet to launch any products, but when it does, it sounds like its focus will be one of the other very popular applications for AI at the moment: AI agents. Specifically, it’s focused on “frontier action models to boost the productivity of workers,” according to its site. “Outrageous AI capabilities for task automation & decision-making.” No word yet on which verticals, which models, when it might launch, or what it might handle, nor what roles it’s looking to fill. Further, three of the outfit’s five co-founders have already left the company. Heady, indeed.

Flo Health: $200 million

Based out of London, Flo Health describes itself as the first “purely digital” (no hardware/wearable component) women’s health tracking app to have passed a $1 billion valuation when it raised $200 million earlier this year from General Atlantic. Its focus is currently around fertility and period tracking, but it has ambitions to extend that to older and younger users and to more categories of health. The company claims to have been utilized by a cumulative 380 million users to date, with 70 million monthly active users.

Pigment: $145 million

Another Parisian startup! Pigment is squarely in the area of enterprise software — specifically enterprise resource planning for finance teams. Like Flo Health, it’s not an AI startup per se, but it does lean on it for its functionality. As such, it’s part of the widening pool of AI applications that prove out the prediction that AI will eventually be part and parcel of all our digital services. Its $145 million round earlier this year, which came less than a year after its previous raise, gave Pigment a valuation of over $780 million.

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The founder building a wealth-management product her grandmother would have loved

Mical Jeanlys-White built WealthMore out of frustration. 

She spent years on Wall Street, building products at American Express and serving as a managing director at JPMorgan Chase. She realized the finance industry still had a long way to go when it came to helping consumers build and understand wealth. 

“Seventy percent of Americans do not have access to a wealth adviser due to high account minimums and high fees, yet those with a wealth adviser grow 2x more wealth,” she told TechCrunch. “When I tried to find a wealth adviser, I came across the same frustrating, broken experience.” 

Her response was to launch WealthMore, an investment platform that requires only a $5,000 minimum to connect customers with adviser-led portfolios, licensed wealth advisers, and financial planning services. 

The idea came to her while she was riding her Peloton, naturally. 

“I like to say that WealthMore is Peloton meets wealth management,” she said. “Our goal is to normalize that for the 99%. When more people do better financially, the social and multiplier impact is significant.” 

After two years of building the company, the company quietly launched its beta in June and is officially announcing it today, right here, in TechCrunch. 

Building this product has been a deeply personal journey for Jeanlys-White. Her grandmother immigrated to the U.S. from Haiti and was the family’s unofficial money coach. She, like many immigrants, was part of a savings club, which helped her hit goals and put a down payment on a home. She enjoyed talking about money and being around people with similar interests. 

“But her money languished in low-interest paying savings accounts and CDs,” Jeanlys-White continued. “She never made a banker’s call list. With the benefit of a wealth adviser, she could have been a millionaire and created generational wealth.” 

The racial wealth gap is wide. Federal data shows that though the median Black wealth increased from $27,970 to $44,890 between 2019 and 2022, the numbers are still behind other racial groups. Hispanic households have a median wealth of $62,000, white households’ wealth stands at $295,000 and Asian American households have a median wealth of $536,000. The 2021 U.S. Census found that white households hold 80% of the wealth in this country compared to the 4.7% owned by Black families. That racial wealth gap has been hard to close, with some experts believing it could take another hundred years to even come close. 

Jeanlys-White notes that women can lose out on up to at least $1.2 million due to the gender pay gap, and only 49% of Black women have a 401K compared to 62% of overall adults. “The wage gap is a key contributor to the retirement savings and wealth gap,” she said. 

Image Credits: WealthMore (screenshot)

Surveying potential users and building the brand 

Before Jeanlys-White started building the platform, she surveyed over 300 potential users to see what they would be willing to pay for. That helped her determine the company’s pricing levels — there are three tiers, starting at $25 a month for a $5,000 minimum account size — and the design of the website. It has partnered with Apex Clearing Corporation to provide brokerage services. 

To help build the brand, the company released lifestyle products, such as clothing, and hosted wealth-building conversations at hair salons, doctor’s offices, and conferences. “People were willing to be honest and vulnerable with us.” In addition, Jeanlys-White made sure to have diverse wealth advisers on the platform, saying that wealth builders often do not see themselves represented in the industry.  

On the app, the company has created communities such as #firstgenwealth and #newinvestors for people to join and host activities and events.  “We created communities, like #blkwomenwealth, to address these unique factors and empower our community to leverage investing and sound financial planning to get ahead,” Jeanlys-White told TechCrunch. (She said users can find her in #firstgenwealth, #blkwomenwealth, and #womenwhowealth). 

Despite a difficult funding environment for fintechs, Jeanlys-White started fundraising for her company in October 2023 and closed an oversubscribed pre-seed round of at least $1 million led by Emmeline Ventures in April 2024. Other investors include a16z TxO, the BFM Fund, and First Row Partners. 

She recalled early investors raised concerns about previous fintechs who struggled in this space, but she continued to hone the company’s story.

“Once investors could ‘see’ the product, our fundraising traction changed dramatically,” she said. 

Currently, there are 10 people on the team. The first hire was the head of engineering, as Jeanlys-White was not a technical founder and needed someone to help get the product into the hands of users, she said. 

She hopes the company can come out of beta mode around the end of the year, in time to help people with their financial New Year’s resolutions. For now, Jeanlys-White is just excited to see people start engaging with the platform and thinks back to her grandmother’s experience. 

“She would have loved WealthMore,” she said, noting she especially would have loved the communities. “Our wealth advisers would have helped her overcome her fear of the stock market and that would have been a huge win. She’s smiling down on WealthMore.”

This post was updated to correct the name of the community groups on WealthMore.

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These 74 robotics companies have jobs available

It’s been just over two months since we published our last robotics jobs post. The world of automation continues to excite and surprise, as the rise of generative AI opens new avenues for human-robot collaboration.

From the looks of things, companies in the category can’t hire quickly enough. That’s a good problem for you, the robotics job seeker. If this is the living you chose, pat yourself on the back: Someone out there wants to hire you.

As ever, the most fascinating part of compiling this list is the breadth of subject matters covered by robotics and automation. Getting a gig in robotics could land you in the restaurant game, pet care, climate or space.

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TechCrunch Minute: Tech billionaires want to build a utopian city in California

A crew of tech billionaires have been trying to get the California Forever project off the ground, which would create a new, supposedly utopian city on land north of the Bay Area. That project is on hold until 2026, when it’s likely to appear on local ballots, but TechCrunch learned that this isn’t the only development project in the works from the technorati. 

Marc Andreessen, who is an investor in the California Forever project, also has connections to another development project nearby. His wife, Laura Arrillaga-Andreessen, is the daughter of Silicon Valley real estate mogul John Arrillaga, Sr., who left his children some land in the same area that California Forever wants to build. Arrillaga-Andreessen’s brother has begun the approval process to build a mixed-use development with over 1,000 homes.

Why are these influential families racing to develop this land, and how are locals reacting? We’re unpacking it on today’s TechCrunch Minute.

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Threads confirms that it is experimenting with ephemeral postings

Automatically disappearing posts on social networks could be handy for users who have a habit of deleting their posts through third-party tools, or if the context of those posts is short-lived. Earlier this month, Threads said it was testing ephemeral posts only as an internal prototype. Now, the company told TechCrunch that it is testing posts that disappear within 24 hours with a limited number of users.

While the company didn’t provide any statement, a spokesperson said this is a new and casual way to share on Threads. It also didn’t disclose if the experiment is region-specific or who could activate such posts.

App reverse engineer Alessandro Paluzzi published an ephemeral post on Friday. When you tap on the reply button, you an see the time remaining, after which the post will be deleted. Threads also shows a banner on top of the post indicating that the thread and all replies will disappear when the time ends. While the banner doesn’t specify anything about quoted replies, we observed that quoted posts have a timer similar to the original post and will disappear after the timer ends.

Image Credits: Screenshot by TechCrunch

In June, Paluzzi first posted about Threads working on disappearing posts with a screenshot highlighting a 24-hour button next to the Post button to publish a disappearing thread. Technologist Christ Messina also found hints about these posts in the iOS app’s code earlier this month. Messina noted that disappearing posts won’t be shared with the fediverse as Threads won’t be able to delete these posts from other ActivityPub-powered servers. Threads started allowing users to share their posts with the fediverse in June.

Posts with a 24-hour expiry could help creators who want to share an off-brand or off-topic post once in a while. They could also be useful for folks who want to post commentary on live events that might be difficult to understand out-of-context, or irrelevant once the event is over.

In a pre-Elon Musk era, Twitter started an Instagram Stories-like format for disappearing posts called Fleets in 2020 but shut it down in 2021 because of low usage.

If Threads makes ephemeral posts widely available, it might be one of the only social networks among its rivals — such as X, Bluesky, and Mastodon — to do so.

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VC Neil Mehta, who’s quietly nabbing prized SF property, plans a “Y Combinator for restaurants”

Neil Mehta, the VC behind the acquisition of a string of properties on San Francisco’s tony Fillmore Street, made waves earlier this week for reportedly throwing long-established local restaurants to the curb to bring in more high-end retailers. The San Francisco Chronicle talked, for example, to the owner of Ten-Ichi, a neighborhood sushi restaurant for almost 50 years that now has to vacate its space next month. “This is the opposite of what San Francisco does to long-term, legacy business tenants,” the restaurant owner told the outlet. “This guy [Mehta] is displacing us.”

Sources close to the low-flying Mehta paint a very different picture, however. They say that Mehta’s very focus is on bringing a wealth of restaurants to the area, and that he’s even planning a kind of “Y Combinator for restaurants,” says one source. 

According to this person,  Mehta has a pretty grand vision for turning the roughly four-plus blocks he has quietly acquired over the last year into an oasis where ambitious restaurant owners can afford to set up shop, San Franciscans can find a wealth of dining and shopping choices, and a 111-year-old movie theater on the street is restored to its former glory and “not turned into an Equinox.”

Reached for comment earlier this week, Mehta – who reportedly purchased a $17.6 million, 117-year-old, 9,000-square-foot home in 2022 just blocks from his newly acquired commercial properties – declined to talk on the record, saying he does not speak with reporters except on behalf of his portfolio companies. 

Up and to the right

Some of Mehta’s plans were first reported by The Information earlier this year in a piece that largely delved into how Mehta, who is far less famous than many VCs, has so much money to invest in the first place. 

It’s been a fast but steady rise for the 40-year-old. A graduate of the London School of Economics, Mehta was reportedly a star investor for an offshoot of the quantitative hedge fund D.E. Shaw before using his reputation and network to co-found his venture firm, Greenoaks Capital, back in 2010. 

The San Francisco outfit, which raised its first institutional capital in 2015, has since invested in some of the tech industry’s buzziest privately held companies, including Stripe, Databricks, Rippling, and Canva – all of them now valued in the many billions of dollars by their backers. 

Greenoaks is also an early investor in Wiz, a lesser-known cybersecurity startup until recently, when it reportedly turned down a $23 billion acquisition offer from Google. (Wiz, it is worth noting, was founded just four years ago.)

Now Mehta is pouring some of those profits into Pacific Heights, the San Francisco neighborhood where he largely grew up, via a $100 million nonprofit that he has established to fuel his shopping spree. The apparent plan is not only to remake Fillmore as a go-to dining destination but, as part of that process, tackle some of the red tape that many aspiring restaurant owners face, as well as offer them lower rent – and even charge them a percentage of revenue instead of rent in some cases –  so that it’s easier for these businesses to thrive. 

Mehta, according to friends, doesn’t see his growing property empire as yet another financial bet. They insist that his primary interest is in ensuring that his San Francisco neighborhood fully rebounds from the pandemic, when according to the commercial real estate services company CBRE, roughly half the shops on Fillmore Street permanently closed. He’s a “big believer in cities,” says one source.

The moves are likely to cement his fortune either way. 

For one thing, Mehta is mostly avoiding what are called “formula retailers,” meaning companies that have 11 or more locations around the world. While some are already in the process of obtaining conditional use permits, these take up to 12 months, which is why many stores on the tree-lined street appear vacant currently. (Other neighborhoods in San Francisco have banned chain stores altogether.)

Mehta should also benefit from 100 changes to San Francisco’s planning code that were passed in December and that streamline the permitting process for independent businesses.

Given his financial muscle, Mehta can afford to be selective about the businesses he wants to help stand up, too, compared with the buildings’ previous, individual owners, who perhaps could less afford to be choosy about who pays the rent. 

Mehta isn’t buying his buildings on the cheap. For example, he acquired the street’s theater and an adjacent retail building for $11 million, compared with the $4.8 million their previous owner paid in 2008. He paid $9.7 million for a separate, 7,300-square-foot building, or $1,329 per square foot. Still, it’s easy to see how all of the pieces – buying the buildings, leasing at below-market rates to minimize turnover – could create a more vibrant scene that increases the value of Mehta’s properties over time.

Alex Sagues, a senior vice president who leads CBRE’s urban retail team in San Francisco, says many shopping districts succeed when mapped out carefully. “You don’t want two coffee shops side by side,” says Sagues. “But you take a bakery and put in a coffee shop next to it, and business can go up.” Similarly, he says, “every winery in Sonoma makes it more of a draw.” 

As for the high-end food that could soon be featured everywhere on Fillmore Street, there’s less of a risk for cannibalization than one might imagine, says Sagues. “People go for a specific experience. You’re not showing up, then deciding between Mixt [a salad restaurant] or [the three-Michelin-starred restaurant] Atelier Crenn.” The more density a district boasts, the more people come, he adds.

Mehta’s moves may already be impacting the market.

Though Pacific Heights has long been among the most expensive and sought-after neighborhoods in San Francisco, home values dipped during the pandemic. Now, according to Redfin, the average home price in Pacific Heights is rising quickly again, reaching $2.25 million in July. That’s up 28.6% year over year. 

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RealPage is sued by the Justice Department for allegedly helping landlords to collude in order to raise rents

RealPage, which makes property management software, was sued Friday by the U.S. Justice Department and eight attorneys general for allegedly helping apartment and building managers around the country collude to drive up unit prices.

The Richardson, Texas-based outfit is accused of contracting with rival landlords to absorb info about their rates and lease terms to train RealPage’s recommendation algorithms, and in the process discouraging competition among property owners who defer to the company’s recommendations on pricing and other terms.

It’s the DOJ’s first big algorithmic collusion case and comes as rent in the U.S. skyrockets, climbing 33% since March 2020, according to Zillow.

RealPage, which was acquired by private equity firm Thoma Bravo in 2021 for $10.2 billion, commands 80% of the market for commercial revenue management software for conventional multi-family housing rentals in the U.S., according to the lawsuit. The company denies any wrongdoing.

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Colorful Capital will cease to raise money for a fund

Colorful Capital, which launched in 2022 to focus on investing in LGBTQIA+-identifying founders, will end its attempts at raising a fund, according to an email seen by TechCrunch. It’s unclear if the firm is shutting down for good. 

Colorful Capital’s co-founders, William Burckart and Megan Kashner, declined to comment. 

A former employee who used to work on the investment team and asked to remain anonymous for fear of retaliation told TechCrunch that this fund would have been the firm’s first and that Colorful has been struggling to raise it since it launched two years ago. At that time, it was trying to raise at least $10 million to do 13 pre-seed deals and 12 seed deals, with check sizes starting at $300,000. The idea was to co-lead deals and cut follow-on checks, too, the employee, who was familiar with the matter, said. PitchBook shows that since its launch, the firm made four investments, including into clothing company Springrose and health tech Mate Fertility. 

“It’s unfortunate,” the former employee said. 

This news comes amid wider investor pullback from businesses and organizations focused on some element of diversity, equity and inclusion. Black founders are seeing a dip in funding, while tech organizations like Girls in Tech and Women Who Code have had to shutter. The venture fundraising market has been tough for many firms and founders, especially emerging fund managers, Bloomberg reported. Unless one is already a big, splashy name — or raising in AI — the stakes to get money from investors and LPs have become much, much higher. 

“We’re going to start seeing more stories like this as the market continues to consolidate,” the former employee said. 

During its time, Colorful Capital wrote white papers about the lack of venture capital dollars flowing to LGBTQIA+ founders and garnered support from the wider community as it sought to achieve venture equity, according to the email. Burckart and Kashner wrote that they were proud of the support they’ve received in the past few years and that they would keep working on advancing capital access for the LGBTQIA+ community in individual capacities. 

“Rest assured,” the email concluded. “You will continue to see us on the front lines.”

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Andrew Ng pulls back from Landing AI after announcing a new fund

Andrew Ng is stepping down from his role as CEO at Landing AI, the computer vision platform he founded in 2017. Dan Maloney, formerly the COO, will take the reins as Ng transitions to Executive Chairman to “continue to help drive” the tech and collaborate on “key decisions.”

Formerly of Google Brain, Coursera, and Baidu, Ng has seldom stayed put for long, and it’s probably not a coincidence that his AI Fund just announced plans to raise another $120 million. Chances are Ng — who was appointed to Amazon’s board in April — is simply choosing to focus on investing for now. At the same time, these executive reshufflings often precede other, bigger news, so we’ll be watching for more news from Ng over the coming months.

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Piramidal’s foundation model for brainwaves could supercharge EEGs

AI models are being applied to every dataset under the sun, but are inconsistent in their outcomes. This is as true in the medical world as anywhere else, but a startup called Piramidal believes it has a sure thing with a foundational model for analyzing brain scan data.

Cofounders Dimitris Sakellariou and Kris Pahuja have observed that electroencephalography (EEG) technology, while used in practically every hospital, is fragmented among many types of machines and requires specialized knowledge to interpret. A piece of software that can consistently flag worrisome patterns, regardless of time, location, or equipment type could improve outcomes for folks with brain disorders, while taking some of the load off overworked nurses and doctors.

“In the neural ICU, there are nurses actually monitoring the patient and looking for signs on the EEG. But sometimes they have to leave the room, and these are acute conditions,” said Pahuja. An abnormal reading or alarm could mean an epileptic episode, or a stroke, or something else — nurses don’t have that training, and even specialist doctors may recognize one but not the other.

The two started the company after working for years on the feasibility of computational tools in neurology. They found there is absolutely a way to automate analysis of EEG data that is beneficial for care, but that there’s no simple way to deploy that technology where it’s needed.

“I have experience with this, and I mean I’ve been sitting next to neurologists in the operating room to understand exactly why these brainwaves are useful, and how we can build computational systems to identify them,” said Sakellariou. “They’re helpful in many contexts, but every time you use an EEG device, you have to rebuild the whole system for that specific problem. You need to get new data, you need to have humans annotate the data from scratch.”

That would be hard enough if every EEG system, hospital IT setup, and data format were the same, but they vary widely in the most basic elements, like how many electrodes are on the machine and where they’re placed.

Cofounders Dimitris Sakellariou (left) and Kris Pahuja.Image Credits: Piramidal

Piramidal’s founders believe — and claim to know, though this culmination of their work is not yet published — that a foundational model for EEG readings could make life-saving brainwave pattern detection work out-of-the-box rather than after months of studies.

To be clear, it’s not meant to be a do-it-all medical platform — a closer analogue may be Meta’s Llama series of (relatively) open models, which foot the initial expense of creating the foundational capability of language understanding. Whether you build a customer service chatbot or a digital friend is up to you, but neither works without the fundamental ability to understand human language.

But AI models aren’t limited to language — they can be trained to work in fluid dynamics, music, chemistry, and more. For Piramidal, the “language” is brain activity, as read by EEGs, and the resulting model would notionally be capable of understanding and interpreting signals from any setup, any number of electrodes or model of machine, and any patient.

No one has yet built one — at least, not publicly.

Although they were careful not to overstate their current progress, Sakellariou and Pahuja did say, “We have built the foundational model, we have run our experiments on it, and now we are in the process of productionizing the code base so it is ready to be scaled to billions of parameters. It’s not about research — from day one it’s been about building the model.”

The first production version of this model will be deployed in hospitals early next year, Pahuja said. “We’re working on four pilots starting in Q1; all four of them will test in the ICU, and all four want to co-develop with us.” This will be a valuable proof of concept that the model works in the diverse circumstances presented by any care unit. (Of course PIramidal’s tech will be over and above any monitoring the patients would normally be provided.)

The foundation model will still need to be fine-tuned for certain applications, work that Pahuja said they will do themselves at first; unlike many other AI companies, they don’t plan to build a foundation model and then rake in fees from API usage. But they were clear that it’s still incredibly valuable as-is.

“There’s no world where a model trained from scratch will do better than a pretrained model like ours; having a warm start can only improve things,” Sakellariou said. “It’s still the biggest EEG model that has ever existed, infinitely larger than anything else out there.”

To move forward, Piramidal needs the two things essential to every AI company: money and data. The first they have a start on, with a $6 million seed round co-led by Adverb Ventures and Lionheart Ventures, with participation by Y Combinator and angel investors. That money will go towards compute costs (huge for training models) and staffing up.

As far as data goes, they have enough to get their first production model trained. “It turns out there’s a lot of open source data — but a lot of open source siloed data. So we’ve been in the process of aggregating and harmonizing that into a big integrated data store.”

The partnerships with the hospitals should provide valuable and voluminous training data, though — thousands of hours of it. This and other sources could help elevate the next version of the model beyond human capability.

Right now, Sakellariou said, “We can address confidently this set of defined patterns doctors look out for. But a bigger model will let us pick out patterns smaller than the human eye can consistently and empirically tell exist.”

That’s still a ways off, but superhuman capability is not a prerequisite to improving the quality of care. The ICU pilots should allow the tech to be evaluated and documented much more rigorously, both in scientific literature and likely in investors’ meeting rooms.

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